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More recent data suggest that normative values vary by specific populations and by specific anthropomorphic characteristics such as body mass index and torso length.The standard deviation is only available for some age groups.

* Numbers in parentheses refer to standard deviation (SD). Modified Sorensen test performed (arms at sides).ĥ Data from 561 healthy, nonsmoking subjects in Nigeria without low back pain, performing a modified Sorensen test (arms at sides).

Some age-based norms are listed in Table 4-2.Ģ Data from 508 subjects with and without back pain that comprised equal groups of blue and white collar male and female subjects. A significant difference was found in the endurance time across the age groups, 2 indicating that a decrease in endurance time should be expected with increasing age.Because average endurance times have not been established for older individuals, caution should be exercised when testing individuals aged 60 years and older.2 Men had higher mean endurance than women. The mean endurance time for all subjects (with and without low back pain) in one study was 113 ± 46 seconds.In subjects with low back pain, the mean endurance time ranges from 39.55 to 54.5 seconds in mixed-gender groups (compared with 80 to 194 seconds for men and 146 to 227 seconds for women without pain). 3, 4 Individuals with low back pain have significantly lower hold times than those without low back pain. The Sorensen test has been validated as a differential diagnostic test for low back pain.Low levels of endurance of back muscles are reported as cause and effect of low back pain.